The course material explains the sewage sludge treatment processes, which significantly eliminates sludge accumulation. Sewage contains not only waste from homes and businesses, but also products and contaminants from industries, storm water, and contaminants leached from pipes. The content presents a risk assessment process, which is the simplified simulation of real world conditions that relies on many assumptions and subjective judgements. The material is based on Land Application of Sewage Sludge: an Appraisal of the US Regulations.

At the conclusion of this course, the learner will have better understanding of the potential benefits and risks of landfill sewage sludge, as well as an understanding the following topics:

• Risk assessment
• Comparison of cleanup standards
• Sludge quality
• Evaluation process of each exposure pathway
• Soil ingestion rate